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Chapter-07

E-mail, Social Networking and e-Government Services

7.1 What is Email

The full name of Email is Electronic Mail. The message sent and received through an electronic medium using a computer is called Email or Electronic Mail. You can send multimedia messages (text, image, audio, video, etc.) at the same time anywhere in the world in a few seconds. We need to become a member of a mail server (such as Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook, or Rediff) and create an email account to send and receive emails.

Email messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. However, you also send non-text files, such as graphics and audio, as well as attachments sent in binary streams.

Email addresses are always written in a standard format that includes a user name, @ (“At”) symbol, and the email provider’s domain. For example- onwebsharmag@gmail.com, onwebsharmag@outlook.com

Valid or Not Valid-

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Email Protocols

• POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): receive emails.
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): accessing (partial download) emails.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): sending emails.

Email was invented by Ray Tomlinson (1971), and the First Email software was invented by Shiva Ayyadurai (1978).

7.1 Structure of Email

7.4 Social Networking & Blogs

Social Networking refers to the use of dedicated websites and applications to connect, communicate, and interact with other users, often to share information, ideas, and interests.

SixDegrees.com, launched in 1997, is considered the world’s first social networking site. It introduced the concept of digital friend networks and inspired the evolution of modern platforms.

🌐 Social Networking: Benefits & Losses

✅ Benefits

• Global Connectivity: Connect with peers, mentors, and educators worldwide.
• Real-Time Updates: Instant access to news, exam alerts, and study resources.
• Educational Support: Free lectures, mock tests, and doubt-solving via platforms like Telegram & YouTube.
• Motivation & Community: Success stories and study groups boost morale.
• Career Opportunities: LinkedIn and other platforms help in job search and networking.

❌ Losses

• Distraction & Time Waste: Excessive scrolling reduces study focus.
• Privacy Risks: Personal data can be misused or leaked.
• Misinformation: Fake news or wrong study tips can mislead aspirants.
• Cyberbullying: Negative comments or peer pressure (साथियों का दबाव) can affect mental health.
• Addiction: Overuse may lead to dependency and reduced productivity.

Facebook

1. Founded in 2004, created by Mark Zuckerberg and his college roommates at Harvard, originally called TheFacebook.
2. World’s Largest Social Network As of 2024, Facebook has over 3.07 billion monthly active users, making it the most-used social platform.
3. Global Reach Facebook is available in 100+ languages and used in nearly every country — with India having the highest number of users.
4. Features & Services include Facebook Messenger, Facebook Live, Groups, Pages, Marketplace, and Reels — making it a multi-purpose platform.
5. Business & Marketing Tool: Over 93% of companies use Facebook for promotion. It offers targeted ads, brand pages, and influencer campaigns.
6. User Engagement: Users spend an average of 33 minutes daily on Facebook. Popular activities include messaging, sharing posts, and watching videos.
7. Content Types: Most engaging formats are photos, videos, and link posts. Video posts receive higher shares and engagement.
8. Facebook’s Acquisitions own Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus VR — expanding its influence across social media, messaging, and virtual reality.
9. Controversies & Challenges Faced issues like the Cambridge Analytica scandal, privacy concerns, and misinformation spread, leading to global scrutiny.
10. Impact on Society Facebook has transformed communication, marketing, political campaigns, and social movements — making it a powerful digital force.

📝 Blogs

A blog (short for weblog) is an online platform or website where individuals, groups, or organizations regularly publish content — known as blog posts — to share information, opinions, experiences, or updates on specific topics.

The first recognized blog in the world is widely considered to be Links.net, created by Justin Hall in 1994 when he was a student at Swarthmore College.

In 1997, the term “weblog” was coined by Jorn Barger, and later shortened to “blog” by Peter Merholz in 1999.

Benefits & Losses

✅ Benefits

• Concept Clarity: Blogs simplify complex topics for better understanding.
• Exam Strategy: Toppers share preparation tips and revision plans.
• Current Affairs Analysis: Editorial blogs help in the essay and GK sections.
• Practice Material: MCQs, quizzes, and PYQs available topic-wise.
• Career Guidance: Helps in choosing exams and understanding eligibility.

❌ Losses

• Information Overload: Too many blogs can be overwhelming (घातक) rather than helpful.
• Biased Opinions: Some blogs may promote personal views over facts.
• Outdated Content: Not all blogs are regularly updated, resulting in incorrect information.
• Plagiarism Risk: Copying blog content without verification can harm credibility.
• Time Consumption: Reading lengthy blogs may eat into revision time.

Twitter (X.com)

1. Founded in 2006, Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Biz Stone, Noah Glass, and Evan Williams as a microblogging platform.
2. Rebranded to X in 2023. After Elon Musk’s acquisition in 2022, Twitter was officially renamed X in July 2023, with the domain changed to x.com in 20242.
3. Owned by X Corp., Twitter is now operated by X Corp, which aims to transform the platform into an “everything app” — including social media, payments, and more.
4. Character Limit Evolution: Originally limited to 140 characters, expanded to 280 in 2017, and now premium users can post long-form content up to 25,000 characters.
5. Features Beyond Tweets X now includes audio/video calls, Spaces (live audio rooms), job search, Grok AI chatbot, and monetization tools for creators.
6. Hashtag Innovation Twitter pioneered the use of hashtags (#) in 2007, revolutionizing how topics trend and are discovered.
7. Global Influence X has played a major role in political movements, breaking news, and public discourse — from the Arab Spring to elections.
8. User Base As of 2025, X has around 415 million users, with 250 million daily active users.
9. Controversies & Criticism Post-acquisition, X faced backlash over misinformation, hate speech, and content moderation policies.
10. Vision for the Future Elon Musk envisions X as a super app like China’s WeChat — integrating banking, shopping, video, and AI-driven services.

Instagram

1. Founded in 2010 created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger Instagram launched as a photo-sharing app for iOS.
2. Acquired by Facebook in 2012, Meta (formerly Facebook Inc.) bought Instagram for $1 billion, accelerating its growth and integration.
3. Visual-First Platform Instagram focuses on photos and videos, making it ideal for creatives, influencers, and brands.
4. Stories & Reels Introduced Stories in 2016 (inspired by Snapchat) and Reels in 2020 to compete with TikTok’s short-form video trend.
5. Over 2 Billion Users As of 2025, Instagram boasts 2+ billion monthly active users, with India leading in user count.
6. Influencer Culture Instagram helped birth the influencer economy, where creators earn through brand deals, sponsored posts, and affiliate marketing.
7. Business & Shopping Tools Brands use Instagram for e-commerce, with features like Shop tabs, product tagging, and Instagram Checkout.
8. Algorithm & Engagement The feed is curated by an algorithm based on user behavior, interests, and engagement patterns.
9. Mental Health & Criticism Instagram has faced scrutiny over its impact on body image, social comparison, and cyberbullying, especially among youth.
10. Creative Evolution Instagram continues to evolve with AR filters, AI content suggestions, and creator monetization tools like subscriptions and bonuses.

LinkedIn

1. Founded in 2003, created by Reid Hoffman and team, LinkedIn began as a professional networking site — now owned by Microsoft since 2016.
2. World’s Largest Professional Network As of 2025, LinkedIn has over 1 billion users across 200+ countries, making it the most trusted platform for career growth.
3. Digital Resume & Branding Tool Users create profiles showcasing skills, experience, education, and achievements — like an online CV with global reach.
4. Job Search & Recruitment Hub Over 3 million jobs are posted monthly. Recruiters from 20,000+ companies actively use LinkedIn to find candidates.
5. Personal & Company Branding Individuals build their brand, while businesses use Company Pages and Showcase Pages to promote services.
6. Learning & Skill Development Through LinkedIn Learning, users access thousands of courses with certificates — boosting employability and expertise.
7. Content Creation & Thought Leadership Professionals share articles, videos, and newsletters to demonstrate knowledge and engage with industry peers.
8. Lead Generation & B2B Marketing 94% of B2B marketers use LinkedIn for targeted campaigns, networking, and client acquisition.
9. Mentorship & Career Advice Features like Career Advice connect mentors and mentees — with 80% of users engaging in professional guidance.
10. Privacy & Professionalism LinkedIn offers tools to hide connections, view profiles privately, and control visibility — ensuring a secure and respectful environment.

YouTube

1. Founded in 2005 Created by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, YouTube began as a video-sharing platform and was acquired by Google in 2006.
2. World’s Largest Video Platform With over 2.6 billion monthly users, YouTube is the second most visited website globally — right after Google.
3. Diverse Content Ecosystem. From music, tutorials, vlogs, documentaries, fitness, and gaming, YouTube caters to every niche imaginable.
4. Creator Economy Powerhouse Millions of creators earn through ads, sponsorships, Super Chats, memberships, and YouTube Premium.
5. Educational Resource YouTube EDU and countless channels offer free learning on topics like coding, history, fitness, and vegetarian nutrition — perfect for your interests, OnWeb Sharma Ji.
6. YouTube Shorts, introduced in 2020, are vertical videos under 60 seconds, competing with TikTok and Instagram Reels.
7. YouTube Kids & Safety Features YouTube Kids offers child-friendly content, while the main platform includes age restrictions, content moderation, and privacy controls.
8. Live Streaming & Events YouTube supports live broadcasts, used for concerts, debates, fitness sessions, and global events like NASA launches.
9. Global Reach & Localization Available in 80+ languages and localized in 100+ countries, YouTube reaches 95% of internet users worldwide.
10. Cultural Impact & Viral Trends From “Gangnam Style” to “Baby Shark,” YouTube has shaped pop culture, launched careers, and even influenced political discourse.

What Is Instant Messaging?

Instant Messaging (IM) is a real-time communication method that allows users to exchange text, multimedia, and files instantly over the internet or a local network.

Instant Messaging (IM) was pioneered by Murray Turoff in 1971 as part of a system called EMISARI (Emergency Management Information Systems and Reference Index)2. It was developed for the U.S. government to facilitate real-time communication during emergencies, replacing traditional telephone conferences.

1. Real-Time Communication Messages are delivered instantly, enabling quick back-and-forth conversations — unlike email, which is asynchronous.
2. Multimedia Support Modern IM apps allow sharing of images, videos, voice notes, documents, and even live location.
3. Popular IM Apps Examples include WhatsApp, Telegram, Signal, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, Skype, and Slack.
4. Presence Awareness IM platforms show online status, typing indicators, and read receipts — enhancing user engagement.
5. Group & Private Chats Users can chat one-on-one or in groups, making IM ideal for both personal and professional use.
6. Security Features Many IM apps offer end-to-end encryption, ensuring privacy and protection from eavesdropping.
7. Cross-Platform Access IM services are available on mobile, desktop, and web, allowing seamless communication across devices.
8. Voice & Video Calling Apps like WhatsApp and Skype support VoIP and video calls, expanding IM beyond just text.
9. Workplace Integration Tools like Slack, Microsoft Teams, and Google Chat are tailored for team collaboration and productivity.
10. Evolution & History IM dates back to the 1960s with systems like CTSS and IRC. It gained popularity with ICQ, AIM, and later WhatsApp and Messenger.

WhatsApp

1. Launch Year: WhatsApp was founded in 2009 by Jan Koum and Brian Acton.
2. Meta Acquisition: Acquired by Facebook Inc. (now Meta) in 2014 for $19 billion.
3. Global Reach: Used by over 2 billion users, making it one of the most popular messaging apps worldwide.
4. End-to-End Encryption: Ensures that messages, calls, and media are fully secured between sender and receiver.
5. WhatsApp Business App: Introduced in 2018 to help small businesses connect with customers effectively.
6. Cross-Platform Access: Available on Android, iOS, Windows, Mac, and through WhatsApp Web.
7. Rich Media Support: Enables the sharing of texts, images, videos, documents, voice notes, live locations, and more.
8. Group Chat Capacity: The Maximum group limit has increased to 1024 members, making it suitable for large communities.
9. No Advertisement Policy: WhatsApp has consistently adhered to a no-ad philosophy, prioritizing user experience.
10. Digital Payments (Region-Specific): Offers UPI-based payments in India, enhancing the app’s versatility and functionality.

Telegram

1. Founded in 2013, created by Pavel and Nikolai Durov, Telegram was designed with a focus on speed, privacy, and security.
2. Cloud-Based Messaging All chats, media, and files are stored in the cloud — accessible from any device without consuming local storage.
3. Massive Group Capacity Telegram supports groups with up to 200,000 members, ideal for large communities, classes, or organizations.
4. Channels for Broadcasting Telegram Channels allow one-way communication to unlimited subscribers — used by educators, influencers, and news outlets.
5. End-to-End Encryption (Secret Chats) Offers Secret Chats with full encryption, self-destruct timers, and no cloud backup — ensuring maximum privacy.
6. File Sharing up to 2GB Users can send large files (documents, videos, etc.) up to 2GB — useful for study material, presentations, and media.
7. Cross-Platform Support Available on Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux, and web — with seamless sync across devices.
8. Bots & Automation Telegram supports custom bots for quizzes, reminders, study tools, and even fitness tracking — great for tech-savvy learners.
9. No Ads & Freemium Model Telegram is ad-free and offers optional premium features like faster downloads, animated emojis, and expanded limits.
10. Privacy-Friendly Features Users can hide phone numbers, use usernames, and control who sees their last seen status — enhancing digital safety.

Facebook Messenger

1. Launched in 2011, originally part of Facebook Chat (2008), Messenger became a standalone app in 2011 under Meta Platforms.
2. Instant Messaging Platform Offers real-time text messaging, voice notes, emojis, GIFs, and stickers — enhancing digital conversations.
3. Voice & Video Calling Supports one-on-one and group calls, including video conferencing with up to 50 participants.
4. Group Chats & Rooms allows creation of group chats and Messenger Rooms for virtual meetups, study sessions, or events.
5. Cross-Platform Access Available on Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, and web browsers — with seamless sync across devices.
6. Multimedia Sharing Users can send photos, videos, documents, live location, and even play games within chats.
7. Chat Customization Offers themes, nicknames, emojis, and word effects to personalize conversations.
8. Business Integration Used by brands for customer support, chatbots, and lead generation via Facebook Pages.
9. Privacy Controls include message requests, blocking, restricting, and end-to-end encryption for secret chats.
10. Meta Ecosystem Connectivity Integrated with Facebook, Instagram, and other Meta services — enabling unified messaging.

Facebook Messenger

1. Launched in 2011, originally part of Facebook Chat (2008), Messenger became a standalone app in 2011 under Meta Platforms.
2. Instant Messaging Platform Offers real-time text messaging, voice notes, emojis, GIFs, and stickers — enhancing digital conversations.
3. Voice & Video Calling Supports one-on-one and group calls, including video conferencing with up to 50 participants.
4. Group Chats & Rooms allows creation of group chats and Messenger Rooms for virtual meetups, study sessions, or events.
5. Cross-Platform Access Available on Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, and web browsers — with seamless sync across devices.
6. Multimedia Sharing Users can send photos, videos, documents, live location, and even play games within chats.
7. Chat Customization Offers themes, nicknames, emojis, and word effects to personalize conversations.
8. Business Integration Used by brands for customer support, chatbots, and lead generation via Facebook Pages.
9. Privacy Controls include message requests, blocking, restricting, and end-to-end encryption for secret chats.
10. Meta Ecosystem Connectivity Integrated with Facebook, Instagram, and other Meta services — enabling unified messaging.

OnWeb Sharma G